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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Theoretical models of synaptic short term plasticity.

Matthias H Hennig1

  • 1School of Informatics, Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK.

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Short term plasticity rapidly modulates synaptic efficacy through shared mechanisms, impacting neural information processing. This review covers mathematical models, biological underpinnings, and key properties like calcium channel inactivation.

Keywords:
mathematical modelshort term plasticitysynaptic depressionsynaptic facilitationsynaptic transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Short term plasticity is a fundamental process in neural communication, rapidly altering synaptic efficacy based on neural activity.
  • It involves diverse mechanisms that can lead to either synaptic depression or enhancement, significantly influencing information processing in neural circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of mathematical models used to study short term plasticity.
  • To discuss the biological basis and main properties of these models.
  • To highlight the role of slow processes, including calcium channel inactivation and presynaptic autoreceptor activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mathematical models of short term plasticity.
  • Analysis of the biological mechanisms underlying synaptic depression and enhancement.
  • Examination of model properties and their relationship to experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Identified a variety of mathematical models capturing different aspects of short term plasticity.
  • Detailed the shared biological mechanisms responsible for both synaptic depression and enhancement.
  • Emphasized the importance of slow biophysical processes in shaping synaptic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical models are crucial tools for understanding the complex dynamics of short term plasticity.
  • Short term plasticity mechanisms are diverse but share common underlying principles.
  • Further investigation into slow processes is essential for a complete understanding of synaptic modulation.