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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...

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Temperature effects on electrophoresis.

Anita Rogacs1, Juan G Santiago

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new model to predict how temperature affects ion mobility, conductivity, and pH in solutions. The model accurately captures these changes, improving upon simple relations for electrolytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solution Chemistry

Background:

  • Temperature significantly influences ion behavior in solutions, affecting electrophoretic mobility, conductivity, and pH.
  • Accurate prediction of these effects is crucial for various electrochemical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive model for predicting temperature-dependent electrophoretic mobilities, solution conductivity, and pH.
  • To incorporate key physical and chemical factors influencing ion behavior with temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a temperature model integrating viscosity, ionic strength, degree of ionization (pK), and ion solvation.
  • Incorporated established theories (Onsager-Fuoss, Debye-Hückel) and empirical data for Stokes' radii.
  • Implemented the model in a MATLAB simulation tool (STEEP) and validated with experimental conductivity and pH data (25-70 °C).

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts electrolyte solution pH and conductivity across a wide temperature range.
  • It captures important temperature-dependent effects beyond simple Walden-type relationships.
  • Validated model performance using standard electrophoresis electrolytes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a robust framework for understanding and predicting temperature effects on electrolyte solutions.
  • The STEEP tool offers a valuable resource for researchers in electrophoresis and related fields.
  • The model's accuracy highlights the importance of considering multiple contributing factors to temperature dependence.