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Multiple-object tracking among individuals with Down syndrome and typically developing children.

Darlene A Brodeur1, Lana M Trick, Heidi Flores

  • 1Department of Psychology, Acadia University, Canada. Darlene.Brodeur@Acadiau.ca

Development and Psychopathology
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
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Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) struggle with multiple-object tracking, performing as if tracking only one item. This challenges the link between tracking skills and visuospatial abilities in atypical development.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS) is associated with cognitive differences, yet visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength.
  • Multiple-object tracking (MOT) is crucial for dynamic visual processing and is theoretically linked to visuospatial abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare MOT performance in children with DS to typically developing (TD) children.
  • To investigate whether deficits in MOT are present even when basic visual memory and reporting are intact.
  • To examine the relationship between MOT and visuospatial skills in DS.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included children with DS and TD children matched for visual-spatial mental age (~5.5 years).
  • MOT tasks assessed performance with varying numbers of targets.

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  • Static item recall (immediate and delayed) was measured to control for encoding and reporting abilities.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with DS demonstrated intact immediate and delayed recall of static visual items.
    • Despite intact static recall, DS participants performed MOT as if tracking only a single object.
    • Performance was significantly impaired compared to TD peers, irrespective of the number of targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Deficits in MOT among individuals with DS are not attributable to basic visual memory or reporting limitations.
    • The findings question the assumption that MOT abilities directly predict visuospatial performance.
    • Atypical development in DS offers unique insights into the mechanisms of typical MOT and visuospatial processing.