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Related Concept Videos

Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

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Performing an In Vitro Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screen in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
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Pre-CKD- do we need another hero?

Jolanta Malyszko, Maciej Banach1

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University, 15-540 Bialystok, Zurawia 14, Poland. jolmal@poczta.onet.pl.

Current Vascular Pharmacology
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Screening identifies individuals at high risk for diabetes and hypertension, conditions that can lead to serious cardiovascular complications. Early detection of prediabetes and prehypertension is crucial for preventing disease progression and adverse health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Abnormal glucose metabolism, including prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance), precedes overt diabetes and increases cardiovascular risk.
  • Prehypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure 120–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 80–89 mmHg, elevates cardiovascular complication and hypertension progression risks.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent, particularly in the elderly, and linked to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity as key risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review high-risk populations for developing diabetes and hypertension.
  • To evaluate the necessity of focusing on conditions predisposing to chronic kidney disease.
  • To emphasize early detection and management of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of screening for metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of prediabetes, prehypertension, and CKD development.

Main Results:

  • Prediabetes and prehypertension are significant risk factors for future diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and age are major contributors to chronic kidney disease.
  • Early identification of these conditions is vital for intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Screening for prediabetes and prehypertension is essential for cardiovascular risk management.
  • There is a growing need to focus on identifying and managing risk factors for chronic kidney disease.
  • Proactive screening and management strategies can mitigate the long-term burden of these prevalent health issues.