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[Cognitive functions in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Meta-analysis]
Kinga Kálcza-Jánosi1, Andrea Lukács, László Barkai
1Babeş-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Pszichológia és Neveléstudományi Kar Alkalmazott Pszichológia Tanszék, Kolozsvár.
Introduction:
Diabetes has been repeatedly associated with a wide variety of cognitive impairments.
Aim:
To clarify the differences in cognitive dysfunctions between the two types of diabetes.
Method:
Metaanalysis was performed using databases of Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect (3 studies with type 1 and 6 with type 2 diabetes).
Results:
Adults with type 1 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all fields. The effect size had the highest value in psychomotor activity (D = -0.69). The effect size was small for delayed verbal memory (D = -0.48), attention (D = -0.47), language (D = -0.44), visual processing (D = -0.35), immediate verbal memory (D = -0.30), working memory (D = -0.27) and executive functions (D = -0.26). Adults with type 2 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all cognitive domains, except for working memory (D = +0.03). The effect size had the highest value in immediate verbal memory (D = -1.12), psychomotor activity (D = -0.82) and delayed verbal memory (D = -0.81). The effect size was moderate for general intellectual abilities (D = -0.68) and small for general memory (D = -0.37), attention (D = -0.35), language (D = -0.35), visual processing (D = -0.33) and executive functions (D = -0.33).
Conclusion:
Both types of diabetes are associated with reduced performance in numerous cognitive domains.
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