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Single walled carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering.

Ashim Gupta¹, Mia D Woods, Kenneth David Illingworth

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, PO Box 19679, 701 North First Street, Springfield, Illinois, 62794-9679, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

|May 1, 2013

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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLAGA) composites show promise for orthopedic applications. These SWCNT/PLAGA materials enhance stem cell growth and bone regeneration, indicating potential for bone tissue engineering.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Orthopedics

Background:

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLAGA) is a biodegradable polymer widely used in biomedical applications.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) possess unique mechanical and electrical properties that can enhance composite materials.
Developing advanced composite scaffolds is crucial for improving bone tissue engineering and orthopedic repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and characterize SWCNT/PLAGA composites for orthopedic applications.
To evaluate the biocompatibility and cellular response of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on these composites.
To assess the potential of SWCNT/PLAGA composites for musculoskeletal regeneration and bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

PLAGA SWCNT SWCNT/PLAGA composites bone tissue engineering musculoskeletal regeneration

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Fabrication of PLAGA and SWCNT/PLAGA composites with varying SWCNT concentrations (5-100 mg).
Characterization of composite properties and degradation rates.
In vitro evaluation of cell adhesion, morphology, growth, proliferation, and gene expression (alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, Bone Sialoprotein) using hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells.

Main Results:

Uniform incorporation of SWCNT within the PLAGA matrix was confirmed.
SWCNT addition did not significantly alter the degradation rate of the PLAGA composites.
Composites demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with cells exhibiting normal morphology.
The SWCNT/PLAGA composite with 10 mg SWCNT showed the highest cell proliferation rate (p < 0.05).
Enhanced gene expression related to osteogenesis and extracellular matrix production was observed.

Conclusions:

SWCNT/PLAGA composites are biocompatible and support robust cellular growth and osteogenic differentiation.
These composites exhibit potential for promoting musculoskeletal regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
The developed SWCNT/PLAGA materials show promise for future orthopedic applications.