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Related Concept Videos

Series R—L Circuit Transients01:22

Series R—L Circuit Transients

In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists of...
Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves

Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes, this energy is obvious, such as in the summer sun's warmth. At other times, it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells. Electromagnetic waves bring energy into a system through their electric and magnetic fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. However, there is energy in an electromagnetic wave,...
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus negligible.
The energy...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus
13:25

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus

Published on: September 16, 2022

High-energy transients.

Neil Gehrels1, John K Cannizzo

  • 1Astroparticle Physics Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 50 years of high-energy astrophysics, focusing on gamma-ray transients. Recent discoveries by Fermi and Swift reveal unexpected phenomena, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • High-energy astronomy
  • Transient phenomena

Background:

  • Over 50 years of advances in high-energy astrophysics.
  • Early discoveries of gamma-ray transients.
  • Understanding the physical mechanisms of various astrophysical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of high-energy transients.
  • To highlight key advances in the field over the past five decades.
  • To discuss recent unexpected discoveries and their implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical discoveries.
  • Analysis of data from space missions like Fermi and Swift.
  • Discussion of physical processes underlying observed transients.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding gamma-ray transients.
  • Identification of unexpected and unclassifiable transient events.
  • Challenging conventional astrophysical models.

Conclusions:

  • The study of high-energy transients has evolved significantly.
  • Recent findings present challenges to current astrophysical understanding.
  • Future detailed studies are crucial for advancing the field.