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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...

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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

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Published on: October 16, 2013

General anesthesia as a possible GABAergic modulator affects visual processing in children.

C Van den Boomen1, J C de Graaff, T P V M de Jong

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

General anesthesia with Sevoflurane temporarily alters visual processing in children, affecting Event-Related Potential (ERP) responses. These changes in visual segmentation are similar to adult responses but are not permanent, validating ERPs for pediatric GABAergic studies.

Keywords:
EEGGABAdevelopmentgeneral anesthesiapsychophysicssegmentationvision

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons are crucial for visual processing in adults.
  • Ethical considerations necessitate alternative methods for studying GABAergic modulation in pediatric visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Sevoflurane-induced general anesthesia as a method to trace GABAergic modulation effects on visual brain function in children.
  • To assess visual processing, including Event-Related Potential (ERP) responses and psychophysical performance, before and after anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 4-12 years undergoing minor urologic procedures were studied.
  • Visual segmentation tasks measured ERP differences between homogeneous and textured stimuli.
  • Psychophysical tests assessed visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
  • Comparisons were made before, shortly after, and 1 day post-anesthesia, with additional task-repetition analysis.

Main Results:

  • Event-Related Potential (ERP) results indicated longer latency and lower amplitude of the Texture Negativity (TN) component shortly after anesthesia compared to before.
  • No significant effects of anesthesia were observed on psychophysical measurements (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity).
  • No lasting effects were detected 1 day after anesthesia, nor were effects of task repetition found.

Conclusions:

  • General anesthesia with Sevoflurane temporarily impacts ERP reflections of visual segmentation in children, mirroring effects seen with benzodiazepines in adults.
  • This study demonstrates that ERP measurements following anesthesia are a viable method for investigating GABAergic modulation in pediatric visual processing.
  • The observed effects are transient, suggesting no long-term impact on visual function from this anesthetic method.