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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Surround suppression maps in the cat primary visual cortex.

Matthieu P Vanni1, Christian Casanova

  • 1Laboratoire des Neurosciences de la Vision, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|May 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary visual cortex exhibits surround suppression organized into distinct low and high suppression domains, similar to higher-order areas. This organization optimizes figure-ground discrimination in cats.

Keywords:
area 17area 18cortical mapintrinsic signalsorientation selectivityreceptive field

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Surround suppression, the inhibition of neuronal responses by surrounding stimuli, is well-established in visual cortex.
  • In primate area middle temporal (MT), surround suppression is spatially organized into high and low suppression modules.
  • Such spatial organization has not been previously demonstrated in the primary visual cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To spatially evaluate surround suppression in the cat primary visual cortex (areas 17 and 18).
  • To investigate the presence and organization of surround suppression modules in the primary visual cortex.
  • To compare the spatial organization of surround suppression in the primary visual cortex with higher-order areas.

Main Methods:

  • Optical imaging of intrinsic signals was used to map surround suppression in cat visual cortex (areas 17 and 18).
  • Stimuli of varying diameters were presented at different eccentricities to measure cortical response fields and suppression levels.
  • A statistical method was developed to confirm the neuronal origin and cortical map of surround suppression.

Main Results:

  • Most cortical pixels (≥3/4) displayed surround suppression.
  • Optimal stimulation diameters were smaller in area 17 (22°) than area 18 (36°), consistent with electrophysiological data.
  • Surround modulation maps revealed distinct low and high suppression domains, indicating a spatially organized structure.

Conclusions:

  • The primary visual cortex exhibits a spatial organization of surround suppression into low and high suppression domains.
  • This organization is analogous to that found in higher-order visual areas like primate MT.
  • This center/surround suppression organization likely serves as a fundamental strategy for optimizing figure-ground discrimination.