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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
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TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins with a Precise Intracardiac Echocardiography Approach
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[Echocardiogram in atrial fibrillation].

Mikiko Nakagawa1, Tetsunori Saikawa

  • 1Department of Clinical Examination and Diagnosis, Oita University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Echocardiography helps assess atrial fibrillation (AF) patients

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) management requires assessing cardiac structure and function.
  • Left atrial (LA) size parameters predict radiofrequency catheter ablation success.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides AF management insights but cannot rule out left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of echocardiography in managing atrial fibrillation.
  • To highlight the limitations of TTE in thrombus detection.
  • To emphasize the necessity of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for ruling out intra-LA thrombus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing echocardiography, including TTE and TEE.
  • Assessing cardiac structural abnormalities.
  • Evaluating left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions.

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  • Measuring LA dimension and LA volume.
  • Identifying specific echocardiographic findings associated with thrombus risk.
  • Main Results:

    • TTE is valuable for guiding AF management and assessing cardiac function.
    • TTE cannot exclude thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA).
    • TEE is essential for ruling out intra-LA thrombus before cardioversion and ablation.
    • Specific findings like smoke-like echo, sludge, and decreased LAA flow velocity indicate high thrombus risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Echocardiography plays a crucial role in evaluating AF patients.
    • TEE is indispensable for pre-procedural thrombus exclusion.
    • Identifying specific echocardiographic markers aids in risk stratification for thromboembolism.