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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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[Metabolic syndrome].

Hiroshi Takata1, Shimpei Fujimoto

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic syndrome (Mets) involves multiple health risks like obesity and high blood pressure. Japan uses specific criteria for Mets detection in annual checkups to prevent lifestyle diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a cluster of conditions including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
  • These conditions collectively elevate the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes.
  • In Japan, Mets diagnosis requires increased waist circumference plus at least two other CVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the history and diagnostic criteria of Metabolic syndrome (Mets).
  • To discuss concerns and implications surrounding the Mets concept.
  • To provide context for Mets prevention strategies in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and diagnostic criteria for Metabolic syndrome (Mets).

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  • Analysis of the implementation of Mets criteria in Japanese health checkups since 2008.
  • Discussion of the conceptual framework and challenges related to Mets.

    • Main Results:

    • Established diagnostic criteria for Mets in Japan, focusing on waist circumference and additional CVD risk factors.
    • Implemented annual health checkups incorporating Mets criteria since 2008 for lifestyle disease prevention.
    • Highlighted ongoing discussions and concerns regarding the Mets concept.

    Conclusions:

    • Metabolic syndrome (Mets) diagnosis in Japan integrates specific anthropometric and clinical risk factors.
    • The 2008 implementation of health checkups aims to proactively manage lifestyle-related diseases.
    • Continued evaluation of the Mets concept is essential for effective public health interventions.