Formation, signaling functions, and metabolisms of nitrated cyclic nucleotide

Tomohiro Sawa1, Hideshi Ihara, Tomoaki Ida

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-001, Japan.

Keywords:
15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)15d-PGJ(2)1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide4-hydroxy-2-nonenal4H-8-bromo-1,2,4-oxadiazolo(3,4-d)benz(b)(1,4)oxazin-1-one60-kDa heat-shock protein8-Nitro-cGMP8-bromo-cGMP8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphateATPCBSCSEELISAETCElectrophileGSHGTPHNEHO-1HPLC-ECDHSP60Hydrogen sulfideIFN-γIL-1βKeap1Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1LC–MS/MSLPSMIMPON(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl esterN(ω)-monomethyl-l-arginineNADPH oxidaseNADPH oxidase 2NOSNS 2028NoxNox2Nrf2ODQOxidative stressPDEsPKGPTMProtein S-guanylationRARRNOSROSSODTNFαadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphateadenosine 5′-triphosphatecAMPcGMPcGMP-dependent protein kinasecPTIOcystathionine β-synthasecystathionine γ-lyaseeNOSelectron transport chainendothelial NOSenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayglutathioneguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphateguanosine 5′-triphosphateheme oxygenase-1high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detectoriNOSinducible NOSinterferon-γinterleukin-1βl-NAMEl-NMMAlipopolysaccharideliquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometrymPTPmitochondrial permeability transition poremyeloperoxidasemyocardial infarctionnNOSneuronal NOSnitric oxide synthasesnuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2pGCparticulate-type guanylyl cyclasephosphodiesterasespost-translational modificationreactive nitrogen oxide speciesreactive oxygen speciesretinoic acid receptorsGCsoluble-type guanylyl cyclasesuperoxide dismutasetumor necrosis factor α

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...