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Intrahemispheric and interhemispheric structural network abnormalities in PLS and ALS.

Federica Agosta1, Sebastiano Galantucci, Nilo Riva

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Human Brain Mapping
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion tensor imaging revealed widespread brain abnormalities in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Corpus callosum damage best distinguished PLS from ALS and controls.

Keywords:
DT MRIVBMamyotrophic lateral sclerosisbrain atrophyprimary lateral sclerosiswhite matter damage

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are distinct upper and mixed upper/lower motor neuron diseases, respectively.
  • Both are classified as motor neuron diseases (MNDs) but require accurate differentiation for prognosis and management.
  • Understanding the neuroanatomical underpinnings of PLS and ALS is crucial for diagnostic refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare white matter (WM) damage in PLS and ALS using diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of DT MRI in differentiating PLS from ALS and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between WM damage and clinical burden in PLS.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to analyze brain connectivity.
  • 26 sporadic primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patients, 28 sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and 35 healthy controls were included.
  • Statistical analyses compared WM abnormalities and correlated imaging findings with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Both PLS and ALS patients exhibited abnormalities in corticospinal tracts and the corpus callosum (CC).
  • PLS patients showed more severe damage in CC motor fibers and subcortical WM compared to ALS patients.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the CC demonstrated the highest accuracy in distinguishing PLS from both ALS and controls.

Conclusions:

  • PLS and ALS share overlapping WM abnormalities, confirming PLS as part of the broader MND spectrum.
  • Damage to the CC, particularly its mid-body, correlates with upper motor neuron burden in PLS.
  • DT MRI, specifically CC diffusivity, may offer a potential biomarker for early diagnostic separation of PLS and ALS.