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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Craniofacial microsomia.

Craig B Birgfeld1, Carrie Heike

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a common congenital condition affecting facial structures. This review explores surgical treatments for CFM, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach for successful outcomes.

Keywords:
Goldenhar syndromeOMENSPhenotypic Assessment Tool-Craniofacial Microsomia (PAT-CFM)craniofacial microsomiahemifacial microsomia

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Congenital Disorders

Background:

  • Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a prevalent congenital condition with variable manifestations.
  • CFM involves anomalies of the jaws, ears, facial soft tissues, orbits, and facial nerve, potentially with extracranial involvement.
  • The etiology of CFM remains unknown, with suspected links to prenatal exposures and genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common craniofacial surgical treatments for individuals diagnosed with Craniofacial Microsomia.
  • To emphasize the challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to CFM's wide phenotypic spectrum.
  • To underscore the necessity of a coordinated, multidisciplinary team approach in managing CFM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on craniofacial surgical interventions for CFM.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies employed by various surgical specialties including plastic, craniofacial, orthognathic, and microsurgery.
  • Examination of factors influencing diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome assessment in CFM.

Main Results:

  • A diverse range of surgical options are available for CFM treatment.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial, tailored to each patient's specific needs and presentation.
  • Successful surgical outcomes in CFM are achievable with appropriate management.

Conclusions:

  • Craniofacial microsomia necessitates a comprehensive, team-based surgical approach.
  • Personalized treatment strategies are key to managing the complexity of CFM.
  • Despite challenges, effective surgical interventions can lead to rewarding outcomes for patients with CFM.