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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Health problems among the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

Rp Thakur¹, A Banerjee, Vb Nikumb

¹Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research

|May 2, 2013

Summary

Elderly individuals in developing nations face significant unmet health needs, including high rates of visual impairment and tobacco use. Targeted health interventions and preventive services are crucial for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:

Cross-sectional Elderly Geriatric medicine and Asia Health problems

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Geriatric Health
Public Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Developing countries require updated health burden estimates for the elderly to guide healthcare planning.
Marginalized urban slum and rural village populations experience disparities in healthcare access.
Equitable distribution of healthcare services remains a challenge in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify prevalent geriatric health issues in urban slum and rural village populations.
To investigate gender-based and urban-rural differences in morbidity among the elderly.
To assess the health needs of elderly individuals in underserved communities.

Main Methods:

A community-based, cross-sectional study surveyed 407 individuals aged 60+ in an urban slum and a village.
Data was collected via house-to-house surveys using a pre-tested WHO instrument.
Statistical analysis included percentages, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore associations.

Main Results:

Visual impairment (83.29%) and tobacco use (58.97%) were highly prevalent.
Significant gender differences were observed in visual impairment (males higher) and ischemic heart disease (males higher).
Rural elders were more likely to live alone, while urban elders had higher obesity tendencies; unoperated cataracts and hypertension were also common.

Conclusions:

Marginalized elderly populations exhibit substantial unmet health needs, including unoperated cataracts, uncontrolled hypertension, and uncorrected hearing impairment.
Developing countries must prioritize health interventions and preventive services, such as tobacco cessation programs, for the elderly.
Addressing these health disparities is essential for improving the well-being of older adults in developing regions.