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Related Concept Videos

Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value = μ + 2σ
Minimum unusual value...
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
What Are Outliers?01:12

What Are Outliers?

Outliers are observed data points that are far from the least squares line. They have unusual values and need to be examined carefully. Though an outlier may result from erroneous data, at other times, it may hold valuable information about the population under study and should be included in the data. Hence, it is crucial to examine what causes a data point to be an outlier.
The z score is used to find outliers or unusual values. It should be noted that any values beyond -2 and +2 are...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...
The R Chart01:02

The R Chart

In statistical process control, control charts, particularly R charts, are instrumental in monitoring process variations and identifying non-random patterns that run charts might miss. R charts track the variability within process subgroups, which is crucial when standard deviation use is impractical or unknown process variations exist.
R charts are pivotal for pinpointing shifts in process variability. Stability is indicated when all data points remain within the defined upper and lower...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Rarer in a rare.

B Taksande1, Mm Patil, P Banode

  • 1Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical college (DMIMS), Wardha, India.

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moyamoya disease, a rare cerebrovascular condition, can present with unusual symptoms like chronic headaches and neuropsychiatric issues, even in young Indian patients. This case highlights less common manifestations of this progressive stenosis disorder.

Keywords:
HeadacheMoya moyaNeuropsychiatryStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder primarily affecting the internal carotid arteries.
  • It is characterized by stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries and the Circle of Willis.
  • While more prevalent in Asian populations, its occurrence in India is infrequent.

Observation:

  • This report details a rare case of Moyamoya disease in a young female presenting with long-standing psychiatric complaints and refractory headaches since childhood.
  • These symptoms represent atypical initial manifestations of the disease.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited rarer neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including chronic headache and psychiatric disturbances.
  • These findings underscore the diverse clinical spectrum of Moyamoya disease beyond typical stroke events.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of Moyamoya disease's clinical presentation, emphasizing the need to consider it in patients with unexplained chronic headaches and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Early recognition of these rarer manifestations is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of Moyamoya disease.
  • Further research into the varied presentations of Moyamoya disease is warranted to improve diagnostic strategies.