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[Delayed measles encephalitis in a leukemic child].

M Monfort-Gouraud1, O Robain, F Boccara

  • 1Service de Pédiatrie B, Hôpital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris.

Archives Francaises De Pediatrie
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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A rare case of delayed measles encephalitis occurred in a 5-year-old girl six months after measles infection during leukemia treatment. This measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) was confirmed by brain cell inclusions and viral nucleocapsides.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Measles can cause rare, severe neurological complications.
  • Delayed-onset encephalitis is an uncommon sequela of measles infection.
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment can impact immune response.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old girl developed delayed encephalitis 6 months after measles.
  • The measles occurred during reinduction therapy for ALL.
  • The child succumbed to the encephalitis one month after onset.

Findings:

  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) was diagnosed.
  • Intracellular inclusions in brain cells were confirmed by electron microscopy.
  • In situ hybridization revealed viral nucleocapsides identical to those in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).

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Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for severe, delayed neurological complications from measles, even in immunocompromised children.
  • The findings suggest a potential link or shared mechanism between MIBE and SSPE.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis of delayed measles encephalitis and its long-term consequences.