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Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
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Published on: December 27, 2013

[Botulinum toxin: the misguided path].

W Harth1

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Neue Bergstr. 6, 13585 Berlin, Deutschland. wolfgang.harth@vivantes.de

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Botulinum toxin injections, popular in aesthetic medicine, impact facial expressions and emotions. This can lead to psychosocial disturbances, questioning its future use in dermatology.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychosocial Medicine
  • Aesthetic Dermatology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Botulinum toxin is a widely adopted treatment in aesthetic medicine.
  • Growing scientific literature addresses the biopsychosocial effects of its use.
  • The facial feedback hypothesis, involving mimicry and emotion, is significantly affected.

Purpose:

  • To review the biopsychosocial impact of botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine.
  • To explore the effects on facial mimicry and emotional expression.
  • To assess potential negative consequences on psychosocial well-being and social interaction.

Summary:

  • Botulinum toxin use influences the bidirectional interaction between facial expressions and emotions.
  • It can lead to facial dysfunctions like 'frozen face' or inappropriate emotional displays.
  • These effects may result in complex psychosocial disturbances, including flattened affect and altered social interactions.

Impact:

  • Potential for negative psychosocial consequences, affecting social interactions.
  • Risk of emotional blunting and altered self-perception.
  • Raises questions about the long-term desirability and ethical considerations of widespread botulinum toxin use in aesthetics.