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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Distinct evolution process among type I interferon in mammals.

Lei Xu1, Limin Yang, Wenjun Liu

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Protein & Cell
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the evolutionary history of type I interferons (IFNs) in vertebrates. Researchers discovered an IFNδ-like gene in humans and traced the diversification of IFNs from an ancestral IFNα-like gene.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
08:26

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial for vertebrate immunity, but their evolutionary history is not fully understood.
  • Type I IFNs, a key component of the innate immune system, exhibit diverse functions and genomic organization across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary history of type I IFNs in vertebrates.
  • To identify novel IFN genes and understand their diversification from ancestral forms.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide search using BLASTn across 13 vertebrate genomes.
  • Phylogenetic tree construction of type I IFNs.
  • Comparative analysis of conserved and non-conserved genomic regions (promoters, genic, and intergenic regions).

Main Results:

  • Identification of an IFNδ-like gene in the human genome, challenging previous assumptions.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades for mammalian IFNβ, IFNɛ, and IFNκ, separate from other mammalian type I IFNs, with piscine and avian IFNs forming their own clades.
  • Evidence suggests that an ancestral IFNα-like gene is the progenitor of other type I IFNs, which diversified during vertebrate evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The study reconstructs the evolutionary trajectory of type I IFNs, highlighting the ancestral role of IFNα.
  • The findings explain the shaping of the complex type I IFN system through gene duplication and divergence.
  • Conserved promoter and genic regions contrast with non-conserved intergenic regions, indicating strong selective pressures on type I IFNs during evolution.