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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

No evidence for cumulative effects in a Dnmt3b hypomorph across multiple generations.

Neil A Youngson1, Trevor Epp, Amity R Roberts

  • 1Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia. n.youngson@unsw.edu.au

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic reprogramming in mice with a DNA methyltransferase 3b mutation showed that abnormal phenotypes and DNA methylation changes did not pass to offspring. This indicates effective transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

Using Caenorhabditis elegans for Studying Trans- and Multi-Generational Effects of Toxicants
08:58

Using Caenorhabditis elegans for Studying Trans- and Multi-Generational Effects of Toxicants

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Developmental Biology
  • Genetics and Genomics

Background:

  • Inherited phenotypes not explained by genetics suggest non-DNA molecules mediate transmission.
  • DNA methylation, chromatin proteins, and small RNAs are candidate molecules for epigenetic inheritance.
  • Understanding epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for explaining non-genetic inheritance patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DNA methyltransferase 3b in epigenetic reprogramming.
  • To determine if mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3b cause heritable epigenetic changes.
  • To assess the effectiveness of transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming in a novel mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a novel mouse mutant allele for DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3B) by deleting exon 13.
  • Phenotypic analysis of homozygous mutant mice, including stature, viability, and sex-specific mortality.
  • Assessed DNA methylation levels at specific genomic loci (telocentric repeats, Hprt gene).
  • Evaluated phenotypes and DNA methylation across multiple generations of homozygous mutant inbreeding.

Main Results:

  • Homozygous mutant mice exhibited smaller stature, reduced viability, and increased female post-natal death.
  • Reduced DNA methylation was observed at telocentric repeats and the Hprt gene in mutant mice.
  • Abnormal phenotypes and DNA methylation changes did not accumulate or worsen over successive generations of inbreeding.

Conclusions:

  • The studied DNMT3B mutation causes developmental and epigenetic abnormalities in mice.
  • These abnormalities appear to be reset each generation, suggesting effective transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming.
  • The findings support the role of epigenetic reprogramming in preventing the inheritance of acquired epigenetic changes.