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Updated: May 11, 2026

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique
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Wrong-site Spine Surgery.

Mark A Palumbo1, Aaron J Bianco, Sean Esmende

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RL, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Wrong-site spine surgery remains a risk despite prevention efforts. Surgeons must create patient-specific protocols to ensure correct vertebral level accuracy, preventing serious patient and surgeon repercussions.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Patient Safety
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Wrong-site spine surgery is a critical adverse event with severe patient and surgeon consequences.
  • Existing prevention methods effectively identify patient, procedure, and spinal region but fail to confirm the correct vertebral level.
  • This complication carries significant medical, personal, and legal ramifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent challenge of wrong-site spine surgery.
  • To emphasize the limitations of current systems-based prevention in ensuring correct vertebral level accuracy.
  • To advocate for surgeon-designed, patient-specific protocols for precise surgical targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of adverse event data concerning wrong-site spine surgery.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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  • Analysis of the efficacy of current universal prevention strategies.
  • Conceptual framework for developing patient-specific surgical level verification protocols.
  • Main Results:

    • Despite preventative measures, wrong-site spine surgery continues to occur.
    • System-based checks are insufficient for guaranteeing correct vertebral level identification during surgery.
    • The responsibility for ensuring correct level accuracy ultimately lies with the individual surgeon's protocol.

    Conclusions:

    • Surgeons must implement individualized protocols to prevent wrong-site spine surgery.
    • Patient-specific planning is crucial for confirming the correct side and vertebral level.
    • Enhanced surgeon vigilance and tailored protocols are essential for improving patient safety in spine surgery.