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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

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Published on: August 30, 2016

Postural reorganization induced by torso cutaneous covibration.

Beom-Chan Lee1, Bernard J Martin, Allison Ho

  • 1Departments of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vibrating the torso skin can alter body posture, with specific locations causing distinct movements. This suggests that cutaneous information from the torso plays a role in whole-body postural control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Cutaneous information from joints is thought to provide proprioceptive feedback.
  • The role of torso cutaneous information in whole-body postural control is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if vibration-induced changes in torso cutaneous information influence human whole-body postural reorganization.
  • To determine the effects of localized versus widespread torso vibration on posture.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy adults stood in normal and Romberg stances.
  • Six vibrating actuators were applied to torso skin over oblique and erector spinae muscles.
  • Kinematic analysis and force plate measurements were used to assess postural changes.

Main Results:

  • Covibration on internal oblique muscles induced anterior torso and head shifts with posterior hip shifts.
  • Covibration on erector spinae muscles produced opposing postural effects.
  • Simultaneous vibration at multiple sites or over combined muscle groups did not significantly alter posture.
  • Center of pressure measurements remained unaffected by all tested covibration conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Vibration-induced changes in torso cutaneous information can lead to coordinated postural reorganization.
  • Specific cutaneous inputs from the torso contribute to postural control.
  • Multiple vibrotactile stimuli exhibit directional summation properties.