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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Assessment of DNase Activity by Ratiometric Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

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Published on: July 25, 2025

DNase I footprinting.

Michael F Carey, Craig L Peterson, Stephen T Smale

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

|May 3, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNase I footprinting identifies DNA-protein interactions by detecting protected DNA regions. This method uses partial DNase I digestion to reveal protein binding sites on DNA fragments, aiding in molecular biology research.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

DNase I footprinting is a widely used technique for identifying and characterizing DNA-protein interactions.
It relies on the principle that bound proteins protect DNA from enzymatic cleavage.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the methodology and principles of DNase I footprinting.
To explain how this technique visualizes and maps DNA-protein binding sites.

Main Methods:

Partial digestion of a 32P-end-labeled DNA fragment using DNase I.
Analysis of cleavage fragments via denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography.
Comparison with a DNA sequencing ladder to determine fragment sizes and binding site positions.

Main Results:

DNase I digestion generates a ladder of DNA fragments, with fragment lengths corresponding to cleavage sites.
Bound proteins create a "footprint" by preventing DNase I access, indicating the protein's binding region.
The footprint size is generally 8-10 base pairs larger than the actual protein binding site due to steric hindrance.

Conclusions:

DNase I footprinting is a valuable and relatively simple method for mapping DNA-protein interactions.
The technique provides insights into the location and extent of protein binding on DNA fragments.