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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genetic Material01:20

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DNA Bacteriophages

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
11:25

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

The G4 genome.

Nancy Maizels1, Lucas T Gray

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. maizels@u.washington.edu

Plos Genetics
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quadruplexes (G4 structures) in DNA and RNA are crucial for normal biological processes and can cause genomic diseases. Identifying these transient structures in cells is key to understanding genome function and disease.

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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
11:25

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

Transfection of a Molecular Clone of Naegleria gruberi rDNA into N. gruberi Trophozoites
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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
05:32

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures formed by guanine-rich sequences.
  • Their transient nature has historically made in vivo identification challenging, leading to skepticism about their biological roles.
  • Emerging evidence highlights G4s' involvement in fundamental cellular processes and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the growing evidence for the biological relevance of G4 DNA and G4 RNA structures.
  • To propose a conceptual framework, the 'G4 genome,' for understanding the functional landscape of these structures.
  • To outline future challenges in identifying functional G4 motifs in living cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental findings on G4 structure formation and function.
  • Analysis of the roles of G4 motifs in DNA replication, telomere maintenance, recombination, and gene expression.
  • Conceptual integration of G4 structures into a broader understanding of genome organization and function.

Main Results:

  • Compelling evidence supports G4 structures' roles in DNA replication initiation, telomere maintenance, and immune system regulation.
  • G4 motifs are implicated in controlling gene expression and contributing to genetic and epigenetic instability.
  • The concept of a 'G4 genome' is proposed, viewing DNA not just as a linear code but as a complex functional geography.

Conclusions:

  • G4 structures are integral to essential biological processes and genomic pathologies.
  • Systematic identification of G4 motifs and their functional features in vivo is a critical future direction.
  • Understanding the G4 genome offers a new perspective on genome biology and disease mechanisms.