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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease
08:11

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

Published on: December 28, 2012

Comparative analyses of nuclear proteome: extending its function.

Kanika Narula1, Asis Datta, Niranjan Chakraborty

  • 1National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi, India.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study explores the plant nuclear proteome using proteomics to identify nuclear proteins (NPs) and their functions. Understanding these NPs is key to deciphering plant cell signaling and fate.

Keywords:
comparative proteomenuclear proteinsnucleusorganeller proteomeplant

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Proteomics
  • Cellular signaling

Background:

  • The nucleus is a central regulator of eukaryotic cell function, controlling cell fate decisions.
  • Nuclear proteins (NPs) constitute a significant portion of cellular proteins and are involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes.
  • Knowledge regarding the plant nuclear proteome, including NP synthesis and function, remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plant nuclear proteome using an unbiased proteomic approach.
  • To identify and characterize nuclear proteins (NPs) and their associated functions.
  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of the plant nuclear proteome.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis to identify nuclear proteins.
  • Comparative and differential analysis of identified NPs.
  • Literature and database review for comprehensive understanding.

Main Results:

  • Identification of several hundred proteins, including classical and non-canonical nuclear components.
  • Insights into the diverse cellular functions associated with the nuclear proteome.
  • Comparative analysis of NPs and their roles in plant nuclear function.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomic studies are crucial for understanding the molecular basis of nuclear function in plants.
  • The identified NPs contribute to the complexity of the nuclear proteome and its diverse roles.
  • Further research on the plant nuclear proteome is essential for advancing plant biology.