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Updated: May 11, 2026

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination
Published on: September 25, 2014
Serotype diversity of astroviruses in Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2009-2010
Muhammad Masroor Alam1, Adnan Khurshid, Muhammad Suleman Rana
1Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Astroviruses are globally known enteropathogens causing gastroenteritis and diarrhea, with eight well defined serotypes. Epidemiological studies have recognized serotype-1 as the most common subtype but no such data is available in Pakistan. During 2009-2010, we found astroviruses in 41 out of 535 (7%) samples collected from hospitalized children. Thirty one strains belonged to serotype-1 and clustered into two distinct lineages. Serotype-3, -4 and -6 were detected with 97-98% genetic homology to Indian and Chinese strains.
