Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential associations between preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in women and men undergoing surgery<sup>✰</sup>.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Inflammatory arthritis irAE may represent a unique autoimmune disease primarily driven by T cells but likely not autoantibodies.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Language Barriers and Other Determinants of Post-Intensive Care Unit Follow-Up: A 5-Year Review.

Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes·2026
Same author

Evaluating Chronicity Scores for Outcomes in Patients With Lupus Nephritis.

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Trends in Iron Deficiency Screening and Treatment Before Elective Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Erratum: Design and Staged Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Preoperative Anemia Clinic at a Tertiary Care Medical Center.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Anesthesia and incident dementia: a population-based, nested, case-control study.

Juraj Sprung1, Christopher J Jankowski, Rosebud O Roberts

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. sprung.juraj@mayo.edu

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to general anesthesia in adulthood does not increase the risk of developing dementia later in life. This study found no significant link between anesthetic procedures and incident dementia in older adults.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Dementia is a growing public health concern, particularly in aging populations.
  • The potential impact of medical procedures, such as those requiring general anesthesia, on cognitive health is an area of ongoing research.
  • Understanding risk factors for dementia is crucial for prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between exposure to procedures requiring general anesthesia after age 45 and the subsequent development of dementia.
  • To test the hypothesis that such exposure is not significantly associated with incident dementia.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, population-based, nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project and Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry.
  • 877 dementia cases and matched controls from Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed between 1985-1994 were analyzed.
  • Medical records were reviewed to identify exposure to general anesthesia procedures after age 45; logistic regression was used for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between anesthetic exposure (dichotomous variable) and dementia (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.10; P=.27).
  • Quantifying exposure by the number of procedures (1, 2-3, or ≥4) also revealed no significant association with dementia risk (P=.51).
  • The study included 877 dementia cases and their matched controls, with detailed analysis of anesthetic exposures.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence that exposure to procedures requiring general anesthesia after age 45 is not significantly associated with an increased risk of incident dementia.
  • The findings suggest that general anesthesia itself may not be a risk factor for developing dementia in later life.