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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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[A rare complication after a violent coughing attack].

Lukas Meier1, Francesca Malè Sonderegger, Oliver Tanneberger

  • 1Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Baselland - Standort Bruderholz.

Praxis
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of lung herniation and intervertebral muscle dissection occurred in an 85-year-old man after coughing. Surgical repair of the chest wall and diaphragm led to a full recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic surgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Trauma surgery

Context:

  • An 85-year-old male presented with acute right-sided chest pain and a palpable bulge after forceful coughing.
  • Physical examination revealed a progressive hematoma and a bulge that increased with expiration, suggesting a chest wall defect.

Purpose:

  • To report a rare case of lateral lung herniation with intervertebral muscle dissection.
  • To describe the surgical management and outcome of this condition.

Summary:

  • Computed tomography scan confirmed lateral lung herniation and intervertebral muscle dissection.
  • The patient underwent surgical reconstruction of the chest wall defect and repair of a diaphragmatic rupture using Mersilene Mesh.

Impact:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering lung herniation in patients with chest trauma or severe coughing.
  • Successful surgical intervention led to an uneventful recovery and discharge on postoperative day 11.