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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Signaling through cyclin D-dependent kinases.

Y J Choi1, L Anders2

  • 11] Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Oncogene
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are key cancer drivers, promoting cell cycle progression and inhibiting tumor suppressors. Further research is needed to fully understand their complex signaling networks in cancer.

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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations
10:54

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations

Published on: September 17, 2012

Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET
13:38

Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

Published on: January 27, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are crucial regulators of the cell cycle.
  • CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) are identified as major oncogenic drivers within the CDK superfamily.
  • Genomic alterations frequently lead to CDK4/6 hyperactivity in human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the oncogenic role of CDK4/6 in cancer.
  • To highlight how CDK4/6 promote cell cycle progression and evade tumor suppression.
  • To emphasize the need for further understanding of CDK4/6 signaling networks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on CDK4/6 in cancer.
  • Analysis of the role of CDK4/6 in cell cycle regulation (G1-S transition).
  • Examination of CDK4/6 interactions with tumor suppressor mechanisms (senescence, apoptosis).

Main Results:

  • CDK4/6 hyperactivity drives continuous cell cycle entry by facilitating G1-S transitions.
  • CDK4/6 shorten the G1 phase duration, promoting rapid cell proliferation.
  • CDK4/6 actively counteract intrinsic tumor suppression mechanisms like senescence and apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • CDK4/6 are central oncogenic drivers in numerous human cancers.
  • Understanding the complex signaling networks regulated by CDK4/6 is critical for cancer research.
  • Further investigation into the architecture, dynamics, and perturbation consequences of CDK4/6 signaling is warranted.