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Updated: May 11, 2026

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

Asperger's disorder will be back.

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2385 Placid Way, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA, lyctsai@umich.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

|May 7, 2013

Summary

This review analyzed studies comparing Asperger's disorder (AspD) and Autistic Disorder/High-functioning Autism (AD/HFA). Most research found significant differences, despite Asperger's disorder

Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Psychiatric Diagnostics
Clinical Psychology

Background:

The diagnostic landscape for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has evolved, with Asperger's disorder (AspD) previously distinguished from Autistic Disorder/High-functioning Autism (AD/HFA).
The DSM-5 integrated these diagnoses into a single ASD category, prompting a re-evaluation of prior distinctions.
Understanding the historical differences and similarities between AspD and AD/HFA remains crucial for clinical and research continuity.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and quantify the literature comparing DSM-IV/ICD-10 Asperger's disorder (AspD) with Autistic Disorder/High-functioning Autism (AD/HFA).
To assess the extent of agreement and disagreement in findings regarding the distinctiveness of AspD.
To provide insights into the potential future reclassification of diagnostic categories within ASD.

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Main Methods:

Conducted an extensive literature search across major electronic databases and journals.
Identified and analyzed 128 relevant publications comparing AspD and AD/HFA.
Categorized studies based on their conclusions regarding differences, similarities, or no differences between the diagnostic groups, considering over 90 clinical variables.

Main Results:

A significant majority of the 128 reviewed publications (94 studies) concluded that statistically significant or near-significant quantitative and/or qualitative differences exist between AspD and AD/HFA.
A small number of studies (4) reported both similarities and differences.
A notable portion of publications (30) found no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions:

The bulk of the reviewed literature supports the existence of distinct differences between Asperger's disorder and Autistic Disorder/High-functioning Autism.
Despite the DSM-5's consolidation of these diagnoses under ASD, the empirical evidence suggests that the distinction may warrant future reconsideration.
It is plausible that Asperger's disorder could be reintroduced in future diagnostic manuals due to ongoing research and clinical observations.