[Painful ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Ophthalmology

Context:

• Painful ophthalmoplegia presents a diagnostic challenge, encompassing numerous syndromes.
• Understanding the diverse etiology is essential for effective patient management.

Purpose:

• To systematically review syndromes associated with painful ophthalmoplegia.
• To outline the differential diagnosis for painful ophthalmoplegia, considering various causes.

Summary:

• Enumerates syndromes like sphenoidal fissure, cavernous sinus, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
• Discusses general causes (diabetes, multiple sclerosis), local causes (infections, tumors), and idiopathic origins.
• Highlights the importance of distinguishing between entities like ophthalmoplegic migraine and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Impact:

• Aids clinicians in diagnosing and managing painful ophthalmoplegia.
• Provides a structured approach to investigating the diverse etiologies of this condition.