Burning mouth syndrome: a review of recent literature

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic disorder of orofacial sensation that is challenging in both diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of BMS is primarily one of exclusion, and recently classification of the disorder has been challenged. Although the exact pathophysiology of primary BMS is unknown, there has been a growing body of work to provide insight into the pathogenesis of the disorder over the past few years. Pharmacological treatments recently reported to have some success in BMS include anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, histamine receptor antagonist, and dopamine agonists. In addition, other therapies and treatments are being considered. This paper reports many of the most recent data related to BMS and its classification, diagnosis, impact on quality of life, pathophysiology, co-morbidities, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.