Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genomics in the presurgical epilepsy evaluation.

Epilepsy research·2022
Same author

Intraoperative microseizure detection using a high-density micro-electrocorticography electrode array.

Brain communications·2022
Same author

Event-based modeling in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrates progressive atrophy from cross-sectional data.

Epilepsia·2022
Same author

Pilot study evaluating everolimus molecular mechanisms in tuberous sclerosis complex and focal cortical dysplasia.

PloS one·2022
Same author

Religious conversion in an older male with longstanding epilepsy.

Epilepsy & behavior reports·2022
Same author

Serotonin transporter in the temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala in SUDEP.

Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)·2022
Same journal

Hearing in Our Sleep-Can We Drown Out Epileptic Spikes and Boost Cognition?

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Sleep Smarter: Optimal Sleep May Preserve Cognition and Reduce Dementia Risk in Focal Epilepsy.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Microglia-Mediated Disinhibition: Taking the Brakes off Epileptic Networks.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Brainstem Disinhibition Destabilizes Breathing in Dravet Syndrome, Leading to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Agree to Disagree: Reliability of Seizure Frequency Assessments.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Between Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: The Hidden Architecture of Late-Onset Unexplained Epilepsy.

Epilepsy currents·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Epilepsy associated with systemic autoimmune disorders.

Orrin Devinsky1, Adam Schein, Souhel Najjar

  • 1Department of Neurology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Epilepsy Currents
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic autoimmune disorders frequently impact the brain, causing seizures as a common neurological symptom. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing these complex conditions.

More Related Videos

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Systemic autoimmune disorders affect multiple organ systems, frequently involving the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Brain involvement is common, with seizures often presenting as the initial neurological symptom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common systemic autoimmune disorders associated with central nervous system (CNS) pathology.
  • To discuss mechanisms underlying CNS pathology in these disorders.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on systemic autoimmune disorders affecting the CNS.
  • Discussion of underlying mechanisms including vascular disease, autoantibodies, and immune mediators.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Seizures are a frequent neurological manifestation of systemic autoimmune disorders.
  • Multiple factors contribute to CNS pathology, including prothrombotic states, antineuronal antibodies, and cytokine dysregulation.
  • Individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic autoimmune disorders pose significant neurological challenges, particularly seizures.
  • Understanding the diverse mechanisms of CNS involvement is key to effective management.
  • Personalized treatment strategies are imperative for optimal patient outcomes.