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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells
09:32

Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Published on: April 25, 2018

Air-stable efficient inverted polymer solar cells using solution-processed nanocrystalline ZnO interfacial layer.

Mein Jin Tan1, Shu Zhong, Jun Li

  • 1Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates efficient inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) using solution-processed zinc oxide nanoparticles for enhanced stability and a 3.7% power conversion efficiency (PCE). These findings highlight a promising, low-temperature fabrication method for stable OSC devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising renewable energy technology.
  • Conventional fabrication of electron-transport layers (ETLs) often requires high-temperature processing, limiting scalability and material compatibility.
  • Inverted OSC configurations offer potential advantages in stability and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate efficient inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) using a novel fabrication approach.
  • To investigate the impact of solution-processed nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) as an electron-transport layer (ETL).
  • To compare the performance and stability of inverted OSCs with conventional structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of inverted BHJ OSCs with silver electrodes, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) hole-transport layer (HTL), and a poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) active layer.
  • Utilized solution-synthesized nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) films as the ETL, avoiding high-temperature annealing.
  • Characterized device performance, including power conversion efficiency (PCE), and assessed air stability and lifetime.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% for the inverted OSCs.
  • Demonstrated that solution-processable ZnO NP films enhance charge collection at the electrodes.
  • Observed superior air stability and lifetime performance in inverted OSCs compared to normal structured OSCs.

Conclusions:

  • Solution-processed nanocrystalline ZnO NPs provide an efficient and low-temperature alternative for ETL fabrication in OSCs.
  • The inverted OSC configuration utilizing ZnO NPs exhibits enhanced charge collection and improved operational stability.
  • This work presents a viable pathway for developing more stable and efficiently fabricated organic solar cells.