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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

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A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Captive Maintenance and Venom Extraction of Tityus serrulatus (Brazilian Yellow Scorpion) for Antivenom Production

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[Ischemic stroke following a scorpion sting].

M Elkhayari¹, A Hachimi, A Ziadi

¹Service de réanimation polyvalente, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Cadi-Ayyad, CHU Mohammed VI, BP 511, avenue Abdelkrim-Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Maroc. amina.elkhayari@gmail.com

Revue Neurologique

|May 8, 2013

Summary

Severe scorpion stings can cause life-threatening cardiac and respiratory issues. This case highlights a rare ischemic stroke complication from Androctonus mauretanicus scorpion envenomation, leading to fatal outcomes.

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Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

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Published on: June 18, 2021

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Neurology
Cardiology

Background:

Scorpion envenomation poses significant health risks, with severe cases leading to cardiorespiratory compromise and neurological deficits.
Androctonus mauretanicus envenomation is particularly concerning due to its potential for severe systemic manifestations.

Observation:

A 35-year-old woman experienced impaired consciousness, hemiplegia, and respiratory distress following an Androctonus mauretanicus scorpion sting.
Brain CT revealed a right parietal hypodense area, chest radiograph showed bilateral alveolar syndrome, and laboratory tests indicated elevated troponin and hemostasis disorders.

Findings:

The patient developed cardiogenic shock, multiple organ failure, and ultimately died on day 3.
A rare complication of ischemic stroke, likely linked to the envenomation, was identified as a contributing factor to the fatal outcome.

Implications:

This case underscores the potential for severe neurological complications, such as ischemic stroke, in scorpion envenomation.
It emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and prompt management of cardiorespiratory and neurological signs in patients with severe scorpion stings.
Further research into the mechanisms of neurotoxicity in scorpion envenomation is warranted to improve patient outcomes.