Heterogeneous PVA hydrogels with micro-cells of both positive and negative Poisson's ratios

Many models describing the deformation of general foam or auxetic materials are based on the assumption of homogeneity and order within the materials. However, non-uniform heterogeneity is often an inherent nature in many porous materials and composites, but difficult to measure. In this work, inspired by the structures of auxetic materials, the porous PVA hydrogels with internal inby-concave pores (IICP) or interconnected pores (ICP) were designed and processed. The deformation of the PVA hydrogels under compression was tested and their Poisson's ratio was characterized. The results indicated that the size, shape and distribution of the pores in the hydrogel matrix had strong influence on the local Poisson's ratio, which varying from positive to negative at micro-scale. The size-dependency of their local Poisson's ratio reflected and quantified the uniformity and heterogeneity of the micro-porous structures in the PVA hydrogels.