Effects of bisphenol A on ammonium assimilation in soybean roots

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is ubiquitous in the environment, is an example of an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Ammonium assimilation has an important function in plant growth and development. However, insufficient information on the potential effect of BPA on ammonium assimilation in plants is available. In this study, the effects of BPA on ammonium assimilation in roots of soybean seedlings were investigated. During the stress period, 1.5 mg L(-1) of BPA improved glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway in ammonium assimilation. The amino acid and the soluble protein contents increased in the soybeans. At 17.2 and 50.0 mg L(-1) of BPA, the GS/GOGAT cycle was inhibited and the GDH pathway was promoted. The amino acid content increased and the soluble protein content decreased. During the recovery period, the GS/GOGAT cycle and the GDH pathway recovered at 1.5 and 17.2 mg L(-1) of BPA but not at 50.0 mg L(-1) of BPA. The amino acid content continuously increased and the soluble protein content decreased compared with those in the control treatment. In summary, BPA treatment could affect the contents of soluble protein and amino acid in the soybean roots by regulating ammonium assimilation.