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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

40.1K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Dissolution kinetics of nanocrystals.

Marek Petrik1, Bernd Harbrecht

  • 1Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaft (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany. petrik@chemie.uni-marburg.de

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|May 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A simple experiment reveals a significant nano-effect that drastically increases nanocrystal dissolution rates. This unprecedented size-dependent rate variation is explained by established crystal growth theories.

Keywords:
NiOcrystal growthdissolution kineticsnanoparticlessolid-state reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanocrystal dissolution is crucial for various applications.
  • Existing models do not fully account for size-dependent dissolution rates.
  • A specific nano-effect on dissolution has been largely overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify a neglected nano-effect influencing nanocrystal dissolution.
  • To investigate the relationship between nanocrystal size and dissolution rate.
  • To rationalize the observed phenomenon using established theories.

Main Methods:

  • Conducting a series of simple test-tube experiments.
  • Quantifying the surface-area-normalized dissolution rate.
  • Analyzing the effect of nanocrystal size on dissolution.

Main Results:

  • Observed a dramatic, orders-of-magnitude increase in dissolution rate due to the nano-effect.
  • Identified an unprecedented variation in dissolution rate as a function of nanocrystal size.
  • The effect was successfully quantified through experimental measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The neglected nano-effect significantly enhances nanocrystal dissolution.
  • The size-dependent dissolution rate variation can be explained by atomistic crystal growth and dissolution theories.
  • This finding provides new insights into nanocrystal behavior and dissolution mechanisms.