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A systematic review of school-based suicide prevention programs.
Cara Katz1, Shay-Lee Bolton, Laurence Y Katz
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Depression and Anxiety
|May 8, 2013
Summary
Few school-based suicide prevention programs show proven effectiveness. The "Signs of Suicide" and "Good Behavior Game" programs reduced suicide attempts, highlighting the need for more research on evidence-based interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Psychology
- Education
Background:
- Suicide is a leading cause of death in youth.
- Schools offer a cost-effective platform for youth intervention.
- Evidence for effective school-based suicide prevention strategies is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review empirical literature on school-based suicide prevention programs.
- To identify effective strategies for preventing youth suicide in schools.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Scopus.
- Inclusion of studies identified through reference list searches.
- Independent rating of studies for evidence level and program recommendation by five reviewers.
Main Results:
- Sixteen school-based suicide prevention programs were identified.
- Only "Signs of Suicide" and "Good Behavior Game" demonstrated a reduction in suicide attempts.
- Other programs showed improvements in knowledge, attitudes, life skills, and gatekeeper behaviors.
Conclusions:
- There is a scarcity of evidence-based school suicide prevention programs.
- Combined interventions may enhance effectiveness.
- Further randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate programs targeting suicidal behaviors.
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