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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

Nanotechnology versus other techniques in improving drug dissolution.

Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Hak-Kim Chan1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. pclkwok@hku.hk.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|May 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Many new drugs have poor solubility. Nanoparticles improve drug dissolution, but agglomeration limits their effectiveness. Chemical strategies offer a reliable alternative for enhancing solubility and bioavailability.

More Related Videos

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
06:47

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
06:47

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Many novel drug molecules exhibit poor aqueous solubility, leading to reduced bioavailability.
  • Nanoparticle formulation is a strategy to enhance drug dissolution rates and solubility due to high specific surface areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanoparticle formulation methods for poorly soluble drugs.
  • To discuss challenges in nanoparticle dissolution testing and compare with chemical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of top-down (e.g., wet milling) and bottom-up (e.g., precipitation) nanoparticle production methods.
  • Discussion of strategies to prevent nanoparticle aggregation, such as using hydrophilic matrix formers.
  • Evaluation of dissolution testing apparatus, highlighting the suitability of the flow-through cell for nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle formulation, while promising, faces challenges with agglomeration, hindering dissolution enhancement.
  • Current pharmacopoeial standards for nanoparticle dissolution testing are lacking, with the flow-through cell identified as a suitable method.
  • Chemical strategies like salt formation, prodrugs, and cyclodextrin complexation are established and effective for improving drug solubility.

Conclusions:

  • The benefits of nanoparticle formulations for dissolution enhancement are often limited by inherent agglomeration issues.
  • Established chemical approaches offer reliable alternatives for enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic drugs.
  • Future drug development should consider both nanoformulations and chemical strategies, interpreting the value of nanoformulations in light of their limitations.