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Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...

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Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker&#39;s Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly
09:53

Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker's Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly

Published on: June 7, 2024

RB goes mitochondrial.

Laura D Attardi1, Julien Sage

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Genes & Development
|May 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) protein has a newly discovered role in promoting cell death. RB directly activates the Bax protein at mitochondria, independent of its known cell cycle control functions.

Keywords:
MOMPapoptosiscancerpRBretinoblastoma protein

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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

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Published on: October 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) protein is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression.
  • RB traditionally functions by inhibiting cell cycle gene transcription at the G1/S transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel tumor suppressor functions of RB beyond its transcriptional regulatory role.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which RB may induce cell death.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized molecular and cellular biology techniques to examine RB's function.
  • Specific methods likely involved protein interaction studies and cellular apoptosis assays.

Main Results:

  • RB possesses a tumor suppressor function independent of its transcriptional activity.
  • RB directly interacts with and activates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax.
  • This activation occurs at the mitochondria, leading to the promotion of programmed cell death.

Conclusions:

  • RB has a dual role in tumor suppression: inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.
  • The direct activation of Bax by RB offers a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.