Venous disease: the missing link in cardiovascular medicine

Hooman Madyoon1, Norman E Lepor

  • 1Westside Medical Associates of Los Angeles and Geffen School of Medicine-UCLA Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Summary

Venous insufficiency, beyond cosmetic concerns, has systemic effects mimicking heart failure. This review covers diagnosis, treatment, and its cardiovascular implications.

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