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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
05:39

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

Published on: October 30, 2018

Attenuating gene expression (AGE) for vaccine development.

David W Pascual1, Zhiyong Suo, Ling Cao

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. pascuald@ufl.edu

Virulence
|May 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overexpressing bacterial appendages like fimbriae can attenuate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, creating effective live vaccines. This attenuating gene expression (AGE) strategy simplifies vaccine development for gram-negative bacteria.

Keywords:
CFA/I fimbriaeF1 capsuleSalmonellaappendagesattenuating gene expression (AGE)flagellavaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Live attenuated vaccines effectively stimulate protective immunity.
  • Conventional methods for creating live vaccines often rely on identifying specific pathogen virulence factors, which is challenging for bacteria with thousands of genes.
  • Strategies successful in Salmonella enterica have not always translated to other gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, efficient strategy for attenuating gram-negative bacterial pathogens for vaccine development.
  • To investigate the potential of overexpressing bacterial appendages as a method for attenuation.
  • To assess the efficacy of vaccines developed using this new strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of genes encoding bacterial appendages (fimbriae, capsule, flagella) in wild-type Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
  • Evaluation of the attenuation of these modified strains.
  • Assessment of the protective immunity conferred by the attenuated strains against challenge with wild-type S. Typhimurium.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of bacterial appendages successfully attenuated wild-type S. Typhimurium.
  • The resulting attenuated Salmonella strains provided protection comparable to existing genetically defined Salmonella vaccines.
  • This approach, termed attenuating gene expression (AGE), proved effective in reducing bacterial virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Attenuating gene expression (AGE) by overexpressing bacterial appendages is a simple and efficient method for attenuating bacterial pathogens.
  • This strategy facilitates the construction of effective live vaccines against gram-negative bacteria.
  • AGE offers a promising alternative to conventional vaccine attenuation methods.