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Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

2D and 3D Chromosome Painting in Malaria Mosquitoes
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Published on: January 6, 2014

Tracking chromosome evolution in southern African gerbils using flow-sorted chromosome paints.

L I Knight1, B L Ng, W Cheng

  • 1Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|May 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chromosome evolution in Southern African gerbils, Desmodillus and Gerbilliscus, shows a slow rate of approximately 1.25 rearrangements per million years. Genome conservation is high, with differences mainly due to Robertsonian rearrangements.

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Detection of Inter-chromosomal Stable Aberrations by Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) in Irradiated Mice
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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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2D and 3D Chromosome Painting in Malaria Mosquitoes
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Detection of Inter-chromosomal Stable Aberrations by Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) in Irradiated Mice
10:14

Detection of Inter-chromosomal Stable Aberrations by Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) in Irradiated Mice

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mammalogy

Background:

  • Desmodillus and Gerbilliscus are gerbil genera within the subfamily Gerbillinae, sharing a common ancestor ~8 million years ago.
  • These rodents exhibit significant diploid chromosome number variation, ranging from 2n=36 to 2n=50.
  • Understanding chromosome evolution and speciation in these gerbils is crucial for their evolutionary biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chromosome evolution and speciation in Desmodillus and Gerbilliscus gerbils.
  • To compare karyotypes of 7 species across 3 genera using chromosome painting.
  • To elucidate the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the diversification of these rodents.

Main Methods:

  • Chromosome painting using probes from Gerbillurus paeba (2n=36).
  • Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyze karyotype homology.
  • Comparative genomic analysis of 7 gerbil species.

Main Results:

  • Remarkable genome conservation observed across the studied species.
  • Karyotype differences are attributed to 10 Robertsonian (Rb) rearrangements.
  • Estimated chromosome evolution rate of ~1.25 rearrangements per million years for Desmodillus and Gerbilliscus.
  • Recently diverged Gerbillurus species share identical karyotypes; Gerbilliscus species differ by 6 Rb rearrangements.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests a very slow rate of chromosomal evolution in Southern African gerbils.
  • Robertsonian rearrangements play a significant role in karyotype differentiation within these gerbil genera.
  • High genome conservation indicates a stable evolutionary trajectory in this rodent group.