[The clinical and pathogenetic types of gastroesophageal reflux disease: risk factors and predictors]

To study the clinical and pathogenetic types of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in terms of different types of reflux into the esophagus, their risk factors and predictors.

The clinical, morphological, motor tonic characteristics of the esophagogastroduodenal area, the phenotypic and visceral signs of existing undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasias (UDCTD), and the suprasegmental and segmental autonomic apparatus were studied in detail in 124 patients with GERD.

Two clinical and pathogenetic types of GERD associated with the predominance of gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal refluxes (GER and DGER) are identified. The type of the disease running in the predominance of GER develops in subjects with the high rate of visceral stigmas of UDCTD--cardiac failure and hiatal hernias, sympathetic autonomic tone in the digestive system. The feeding preference of piquant and spicy dishes and spices serves to realize the predictors of this type. The DGER-associated type develops in subjects with a concurrence of sympathetic and parasympathetic total autonomic tones in the digestive system in the presence of preexisting biliary tract diseases, including abnormalities in the structure of the gallbladder as visceral signs of UDCTD and it is realized in the feeding preference of high-calorie dishes.

It is promising to study the autonomic status and the signs of UDCTD as structural and functional predictors of GERD and its types for the prediction of the disease, professional orientation, and the acquisition of eating behavior primarily in young people.