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Related Concept Videos

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Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Published on: September 27, 2024

Target identification using relative level in multi-talker listening.

Pádraig T Kitterick1, Emmet Clarke, Charlotte O'Shea

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. padraig.kitterick@nottingham.ac.uk

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Listeners can directly identify target words using relative sound level differences, even without unique call-signs. This finding advances understanding of auditory perception and speech intelligibility in complex listening environments.

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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Processing
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Listeners can identify target speech using spatial location or vocal characteristics.
  • Direct word identification is distinct from indirect identification via call-signs.
  • The role of presentation level differences in speech identification was underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess listeners' ability to use presentation level differences for direct word identification.
  • To investigate if direct identification is possible without indirect (call-sign) cues.
  • To determine the impact of masker level variability on speech-reception thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Participants reported target words (colors, numbers) from sentences presented with competing maskers.
  • Presentation levels of target and masker sentences were manipulated.
  • Speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured under different cueing conditions.

Main Results:

  • Direct identification of target words was possible using relative level differences when masker levels were fixed.
  • Speech-reception thresholds were significantly worse when masker levels were randomized, disrupting direct identification.
  • Direct identification remained possible even when indirect (call-sign) cues were removed, provided other cues were available.

Conclusions:

  • Relative level is an effective cue for direct word identification in speech perception.
  • Direct identification can occur independently of indirect identification mechanisms.
  • Understanding these cues is crucial for speech intelligibility in noisy environments.