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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
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Individualized fracture risk assessment: progresses and challenges.

Tuan V Nguyen1, Jacqueline R Center, John A Eisman

  • 1Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. t.nguyen@garvan.org.au

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Osteoporosis risk calculators like FRAX and GFRC help predict fracture risk. While not perfect, they aid in patient-doctor communication for informed decisions about fracture prevention.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Fragility fractures represent a significant public health issue, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Risk prediction models are crucial for assessing and communicating fracture risk in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the validation of osteoporosis risk prediction models, specifically the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (GFRC).
  • To identify key challenges in the application of these predictive models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent validation studies for FRAX and GFRC.
  • Analysis of post-hoc data from clinical trials evaluating antifracture efficacy in relation to predicted risk.

Main Results:

  • Both FRAX and GFRC showed moderate discrimination for fracture prediction (AUCs 0.61-0.83 for FRAX, 0.63-0.88 for GFRC).
  • FRAX tended to underestimate fracture risk, while GFRC provided estimates close to or slightly exceeding actual risk.
  • Antifracture medication efficacy correlated with higher predicted risk for some drugs (alendronate, denosumab), but not others (raloxifene, strontium ranelate).

Conclusions:

  • FRAX and GFRC offer valuable tools for medium-term fracture risk communication and decision-making, despite imperfect prognostic performance.
  • Individualized decision-making for fracture prevention should incorporate patient perception of risk and severity.