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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Brc1 links replication stress response and centromere function.

Si Young Lee1, Paul Russell

  • 1Cell and Molecular Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The DNA repair protein Brc1 maintains genome stability by binding to damaged DNA and pericentromeric heterochromatin. This interaction is crucial for replication stress response and proper chromosome segregation during cell division.

Keywords:
BRCT domainDNA damage responsecentromereheterochromatinmitosisnuclear localization signalreplication stress

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Published on: June 26, 2020

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
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Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genome integrity relies on DNA replication, repair, chromatin assembly, and chromosome segregation.
  • Master checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR detect DNA lesions and phosphorylate histone H2A/H2AX.
  • Brc1, a 6-BRCT domain protein, is vital for recovery from replication fork issues in fission yeast.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on Brc1's role in replication stress response and pericentromeric heterochromatin maintenance.
  • To investigate the functional requirements of Brc1's N-terminal BRCT domains.
  • To identify Brc1's nuclear localization signal (NLS) and its relation to the gamma H2A binding pocket.

Main Methods:

  • Co-localization studies of Brc1 with gamma H2A in pericentromeric heterochromatin.
  • Analysis of Brc1's functional requirements in replication stress response.
  • Assessment of Brc1's role in thiabendazole (TBZ) resistance.
  • Identification of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) within Brc1.

Main Results:

  • Brc1 co-localizes with gamma H2A in pericentromeric heterochromatin during S-phase.
  • Brc1 contributes to pericentromeric heterochromatin maintenance, essential for chromosome segregation.
  • N-terminal BRCT domains of Brc1 are functionally required for replication stress response and TBZ resistance.
  • A nuclear localization signal (NLS) was identified adjacent to the gamma H2A-binding pocket in Brc1.

Conclusions:

  • Brc1 plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability through its involvement in DNA repair and pericentromeric heterochromatin.
  • The N-terminal BRCT domains and NLS of Brc1 are key for its function in stress response and localization.
  • The compact arrangement of Brc1's localization and binding domains may be conserved in other gamma H2A-binding proteins.