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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology
09:00

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Published on: March 27, 2018

Renale osteodystrophie.

Daniel Cejka1

  • 1Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria, daniel.cejka@meduniwien.ac.at.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is common in dialysis patients and increases fracture risk. Bone biopsy is crucial for classifying ROD, guiding treatments like vitamin D or bisphosphonates, though low turnover disease lacks specific therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, affecting nearly all dialysis patients.
  • ROD can persist post-transplantation and may be worsened by immunosuppressants like glucocorticoids.
  • Patients with renal disease have a significantly higher risk of fractures, including hip fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing and classifying renal osteodystrophy.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies for different types of ROD.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate ROD classification for effective patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on renal osteodystrophy, its diagnosis, and treatment.

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Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring
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Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
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  • Discussion of the limitations of serological markers and imaging in ROD assessment.
  • Emphasis on the transiliac bone biopsy as the gold standard for ROD classification.

    • Main Results:

    • Serological markers and imaging modalities have limited accuracy in classifying bone turnover in ROD.
    • Transiliac bone biopsy remains the most reliable method for accurate ROD classification.
    • Treatments for high bone turnover (active vitamin D, cinacalcet, parathyroidectomy) risk oversuppression.
    • No specific therapy currently exists for low bone turnover disease, though bisphosphonates may benefit selected post-transplant patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate classification of ROD via bone biopsy is essential for guiding treatment decisions.
    • Management of high bone turnover ROD requires careful monitoring to avoid oversuppression.
    • Further research is needed for effective therapies for low bone turnover disease in renal patients.