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Related Concept Videos

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Customization of Aspergillus niger Morphology Through Addition of Talc Micro Particles
10:51

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Published on: March 15, 2012

Aggregate Morphology Evolution by Sintering: Number & Diameter of Primary Particles.

Max L Eggersdorfer1, Dirk Kadau, Hans J Herrmann

  • 1Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Aerosol Science
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sintering transforms nanoparticle aggregates from fractal structures to compact particles. A new scaling law quantifies this structural evolution, independent of material or time, aiding in estimating particle properties.

Keywords:
Aggregatefractal dimensiongrain boundary diffusionmass-mobility exponentprimary particle size

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoparticle science and engineering
  • Materials science and engineering
  • Aerosol science and technology

Background:

  • Aggregate structure is critical for nanoparticle synthesis, combustion emissions, and atmospheric particle monitoring.
  • Particle morphology influences mobility, scattering, and the performance of nanocomposites and suspensions.
  • Understanding aggregate sintering is key to controlling nanoparticle properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate aggregate sintering mechanisms in various materials (amorphous and crystalline).
  • To establish a universal scaling law for aggregate structural evolution during sintering.
  • To develop methods for quantifying the degree of sintering using morphological parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated sintering via viscous flow (amorphous) and grain boundary diffusion (crystalline).
  • Derived a scaling law relating aggregate projected area to the number of primary particles.
  • Quantified structural evolution using effective fractal dimension (Df) and mass-mobility exponent (Dfm).

Main Results:

  • A time- and material-independent scaling law was discovered for aggregate sintering.
  • This law allows estimation of equivalent primary particle diameter and number within aggregates.
  • The mass-mobility exponent (Dfm) increases monotonically with sintering, approaching 3 for compact particles.

Conclusions:

  • The mass-mobility exponent (Dfm) and its prefactor can effectively gauge the extent of nanoparticle aggregate sintering.
  • The derived scaling law provides a universal method for analyzing aggregate structural changes.
  • Experimental data on silver nanoparticle aggregates validated the findings.